Shaping means reinforcing successive approximations, steps that get closer and closer to a target behavior.
Example
To teach a learner to say “ball”, the RBT first reinforces “b”, then “ba”, then “ball”. Earlier, less accurate attempts are no longer reinforced once the learner can do better.
Key points
- Shaping is useful when the learner cannot yet do the full behavior.
- Each step is reinforced until it is stable, then the requirement is raised.
- It uses reinforcement for closer approximations and stops reinforcing earlier ones.
Exam tip
Think shaping when a question describes reinforcing steps toward a goal. Think chaining when it describes a sequence of separate steps in order.
Common mistake
Holding out for the final form too soon. Reinforce successive approximations, then raise the criterion gradually.
Quick check
What is reinforced in shaping? Closer approximations of the target behavior.
Keep studying
RBT glossary · Chaining · Prompt fading · Positive vs. negative reinforcement · Flashcards · Study guide
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