A token economy is a system where a learner earns tokens for target behaviors and later exchanges them for backup reinforcers such as a preferred activity or item.
The parts of a token economy
- Target behaviors: clearly defined behaviors that earn tokens.
- Tokens: stickers, points, chips or marks. They have no value alone and become reinforcers because they can be exchanged.
- Backup reinforcers: the items or activities tokens can be traded for.
- Exchange rules: how many tokens are needed and when they can be traded.
Example
A learner earns a star for each completed worksheet. After five stars, the learner can choose 5 minutes with a preferred game.
Points to remember for the exam
- Tokens are conditioned reinforcers, because they gain value through pairing with backup reinforcers.
- The RBT follows the plan written by the supervisor and does not change the token rules alone.
- Tokens should be delivered right after the target behavior.
Common mistake
Not defining what tokens can be exchanged for, or delaying exchange so tokens lose value.
Quick check
What are tokens exchanged for? Backup reinforcers.
Keep studying
Reinforcement schedules · RBT glossary · Flashcards
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